ExtraHop named a Leader in the 2025 Forrester Wave™: Network Analysis And Visibility Solutions

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DETECTION OVERVIEW

Spike in VNC Sessions

Risk Factors

The VNC system is a common target for attackers because VNC provides remote access to other devices over the Remote Frame Buffer (RFB) protocol. If an attacker has VNC credentials for several devices on the network, they can easily open multiple VNC sessions. Then, they could laterally move across the network and possibly gain full remote desktop access to a critical device with an administrator account.

The system might change the risk score for this detection.

Kill Chain

Lateral Movement
Next in Lateral Movement: Unexpected Service Access

Description

$source attempted an unusually high number of session logins with multiple remote framebuffer (RFB) servers. RFB is a protocol that enables an administrator to remotely control another device with a VNC desktop-sharing system. This spike can be associated with both successful and unsuccessful logins. Investigate to determine if $source is compromised and whether an attacker is attempting to move laterally across the network.

Attack Background

Remote desktop-sharing systems, such as VNC, can enable an attacker to laterally move across a network, from one compromised device to the next, or they can provide an attacker direct access to a critical device. First, the attacker sends a connection request over RFB to VNC-enabled devices and then attempts to log in, either with stolen VNC credentials or by exploiting a vulnerability. If successful, the attacker can remotely run commands or code from the desktop, transfer unauthorized files, attempt data exfiltration, or take control of critical assets.

Mitigation Options

Only allow inbound external VNC connections from trusted devices

Limit the number of VNC login attempts and then block users that exceed this number

Disable or uninstall VNC on devices that do not require remote access

Enforce multi-factor authentication for remote logins

Implement microsegmentation by adding secure zones based on the zero-trust security model: partition network traffic with endpoint firewalls, virtual or software-defined networks, or physical networks

MITRE ATT&CK ID

Associated content

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