ExtraHop named a Leader in the 2025 Forrester Wave™: Network Analysis And Visibility Solutions

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DETECTION OVERVIEW

LDAP SPN Scan

Risk Factors

Enumeration is a simple yet important step taken by attackers before or during a network compromise. This type of scan is easy to perform and can quickly reveal service names to attackers. While this scan typically does not negatively affect the network, this technique helps attackers discover services and take the next step in an attack campaign.

Category

Reconnaissance
Detection diagram
Next in Reconnaissance: Local User Enumeration

Attack Background

When an attacker discovers the domain controller (DC) or LDAP servers on a network, they can discover, or enumerate, a list of network services by acquiring server principal names (also known service principal names or SPNs) from the DC. A server principal name is a unique identifier that represents a service (such as email or remote file management) that can span multiple servers. The attacker sends a specific type of LDAP request to the DC, and receives a list of every SPN stored on that DC. With this information, the attacker can target specific services in subsequent attacks.

Mitigation Options

Limit domain object privileges to reduce the information users can enumerate through scans and tools such as Bloodhound

Require LDAP signing, which prevents non-domain users from querying the LDAP server

Strictly manage the users and groups with domain permissions that allow users to replicate information from a domain controller (DC)

Because securing LDAP servers can be difficult without compromising functionality, monitor and investigate unusual LDAP activity quickly to minimize potential damage

MITRE ATT&CK ID

Associated content

Announcing The Forrester Wave™: Network Analysis And Visibility Solutions, Q4 2025

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